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Branched-chain fatty acid composition of human milk and the impact of maternal diet: the Global Exploration of Human Milk (GEHM) Study

BACKGROUND: An understudied component of the diet, branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are distinctive saturated fatty acids that may have an important influence on health. Human-milk fatty acid composition is known to differ worldwide, but …

Urinary Microbiota Associated with Preterm Birth: Results from the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) Study

Preterm birth (PTB) is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Genitourinary infection is implicated in the initiation of spontaneous PTB; however, examination of the urinary microbiota in relation to preterm delivery using …

Cervical Microbiota Associated With Higher Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Women Infected With High Risk Human Papillomaviruses

It is increasingly recognized that microbes that reside in and on human body sites play major roles in modifying the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer. However, specific microbes or microbial communities that can be mechanistically …

The human milk oligosaccharide 2'-fucosyllactose augments the adaptive response to extensive intestinal resection

Intestinal resection resulting in short bowel syndrome (SBS) carries a heavy burden of long-term morbidity, mortality, and cost of care, which can be attenuated with strategies that improve intestinal adaptation. SBS infants fed human milk, compared …

Reproducibility and intermethod reliability of a calcium food frequency questionnaire for use in Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White youth

BACKGROUND: A dietary assessment instrument designed for use in a nationally representative pediatric population was required to examine associations between calcium intake and bone mineral accrual in a large, multicenter study. OBJECTIVE: To …

Within- and between-individual variation in nutrient intake in children and adolescents

BACKGROUND: Little is known regarding the number of 24-hour recalls required to rank-order children and adolescents on usual intake for diet-disease studies. OBJECTIVE: To determine the within- to between-individual variance ratios and number of …